Repressed Alienation and Evangelizing Japan
"Participation, thus, not only signifies attachment, but represents a form of discipline. It covers conformity to a multitude of details that lie in the area of overlap between group necessities and individual choice. That this area is so dominated by the group side of the balance in Japan is a sign of the way this mechanism indirectly controls a large amount of what elsewhere is viewed as private behavior. Nor is it surprising given the power of this mechanism that many Japanese express a wish to escape its influence and dread going back to it after living abroad. Of particular interest here is something that might be labeled repressed alienation. Periodically one reads of a "loyal" employee who after years of quiet compliance commits an outrageous act of sabotage against his own organization. Adult runaways (johatsu) are another example. These individuals apparently can neither express their resentment or unhappiness directly nor exit the confines of membership....